Relative Intelligence · Automobiles
How Ford Motor (F) compares with the whole market and its popular alternatives
Built by QuantCommons' quantitative engine, this page is about relative opportunity, not data on F alone. It places F (Ford Motor Company) against 18 popular alternatives, its neighboring categories and the entire market of over 10,000 U.S.-listed stocks and ETFs, and surfaces what has done better on consistent outperformance, return for the risk taken, behavior in real market crashes and diversification. The result is a clearer view of where F stands in the market, and of the alternatives worth a closer look.
Period covered: F's full trading record, from October 1986 through September 2026. All returns include reinvested dividends. Data as of October 22, 2026.
Data as of October 22, 2026. Full tables and charts read best on a larger screen.
This page answers the following questions about F
Key findings
Not AI-generatedThese key findings are generated by our proprietary relative intelligence engine, directly from the data on this page.
- Right nowThe slide is F's own: it is 35.8% below its high, against 1.9% for the S&P 500. Over the past 3 months, F fell 16.3% while the S&P 500 rose 2.5%. At a glance ↓
- Stock or market?The weakness is F's own: it fell 16.3% over the past 3 months while the consumer discretionary sector ETF XLY (State Street Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR ETF) rose 1.1%. The S&P 500 rose 2.5%. Its automobile peers did not move as one over the past 3 months: TM (Toyota Motor) rose 12.1%, while RIVN (Rivian Automotive) fell 29.8%.
- Past 1 to 3 yearsF has lagged well behind the market, rising 0.5% over the past year against 15.6% for the S&P 500 and 16.9% for the Nasdaq 100. The same gap shows up over 3 years (25.4% against 88.4%). On the flip side, F lagged its automobile peers in 2023, then moved up the pack in 2025. By year ↓
- Long termF turned $10,000 into $16,600 over the past decade, against $41,600 in the S&P 500. F finished ahead of the S&P 500 in eight of its 29 calendar years. Growth of $10,000 ↓
- In a crashAcross seven sell-offs, F has typically fallen 1.7 times as far as the S&P 500. The 2022 bear market took 55.6% off F, against 24.5% for the S&P 500. That was more than TSLA (Tesla, 45.4%) but less than RIVN (Rivian Automotive, 79.7%). Crash tests ↓
- DiversificationAgainst the S&P 500, F has a correlation of 0.67 over 5 years, more closely than 97% of stocks worth at least $300 million. Next to an index fund it is more of the same, not a cushion. Market capture ↓
- Better options
- Nearby categories and themes
- DORM (Dorman Products, auto parts) and ALSN (Allison Transmission, auto parts) earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years. DORM returned 4.5% a year at 33.8% volatility, against a loss of 0.1% a year at 39.2%.
- Versus the S&P 500
- Simply owning the S&P 500 would have done better over the past 5 years: 12.5% a year at 17.2% volatility, against 0.1% at 39.2% for F.
- Whole market
- 1,736 of the 3,641 stocks and funds worth at least $500 million earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years, among them AAPL (Apple), GOOG (Alphabet) and MSFT (Microsoft).
How much would $10,000 in F have grown?
This chart tracks a hypothetical $10,000 investment in F over the past 29 years, with dividends reinvested, alongside the same amount in the S&P 500, investments that ended ahead of F over the same span and F's popular alternatives, among those that traded for the entire period. A second view covers the past 5 years, the period the better options further down the page are judged on. It shows not only where each investment ended up but also how smooth or uneven the path was.
- $10,000 invested in F at the end of September 1997 would have grown to $18,497 by September 2026, less than the $132,907 it would have become in SPY, an S&P 500 fund.
- All five other investments on the chart ended ahead of F, and BWA finished highest, at $132,696.
Choose a period
From the end of September 1997 to the end of September 2026. The scale is logarithmic, so equal steps up the chart are equal percentage gains. Hover over a fund in the key to pick out its line. 929 of the 1,042 stocks and funds worth at least $500 million that traded the whole period ended ahead of F; the chart shows 5, closest alternatives first.
- SPY (S&P 500)$132,907+1,229% total · +9.3% a year
- BWA$132,696+1,227% total · +9.3% a year
- MGA$99,176+892% total · +8.2% a year
- ALV$71,358+614% total · +7.0% a year
- TM$55,911+459% total · +6.1% a year
- HMC$33,757+238% total · +4.3% a year
- F$18,497+85.0% total · +2.1% a year
From the end of September 2021 to the end of September 2026. Hover over a fund in the key to pick out its line. 2,231 of the 3,630 stocks and funds worth at least $500 million that traded the whole period ended ahead of F; the chart shows 5, closest alternatives first. The other 3 lines are popular alternatives, shown for context.
- RACE$19,540+95.4% total · +14.3% a year
- SPY (S&P 500)$19,000+90.0% total · +13.7% a year
- BWA$16,951+69.5% total · +11.1% a year
- GM$15,245+52.4% total · +8.8% a year
- ALV$15,067+50.7% total · +8.5% a year
- TSLA$13,726+37.3% total · +6.5% a year
- HMC$12,319+23.2% total · +4.3% a year
- TM$11,911+19.1% total · +3.6% a year
- F$11,585+15.9% total · +3.0% a year
- MGA$10,111+1.1% total · +0.2% a year
F at a glance
This section summarizes the key facts about the stock, its returns over periods from one to ten years and the risk it has carried, with dividends reinvested throughout. These figures serve as the baseline for every comparison that follows.
- F is still 35.8% below its all-time high.
- F's deepest decline since it began trading in 1986 was 95.7%, from May 1999 to November 2008. It took about 13 years from the low to climb back to its old high.
- Over 29 full calendar years, F's best was 2009, when it returned 336%, and its worst was 2008, when it lost 66.0%. It lost money in 16 of those years.
The company
- Market value
- $48B
- Industry
- Auto - Manufacturers
- Price history from
- October 1986
Returns
- Past 1 year
- +0.5%total return
- Past 3 years
- +25.4%+7.8% a year
- Past 5 years
- −0.3%−0.1% a year
- Past 10 years
- +65.8%+5.2% a year
- Best calendar year
- +336%2009
- Worst calendar year
- −66.0%2008
- Losing years
- 16 of 29full calendar years
Risk
- Volatility
- 39.2%typical yearly swing, 5 years
- Sharpe ratio
- 0.20return per unit of risk, 5 years
- Worst decline ever
- −95.7%May 1999 to Nov 2008
- From its all-time high
- −35.8%below the peak
F against the whole market
Where F ranks among every stock and fund, and what across the market has done better.
How does F rank among all stocks?
This section ranks F on return, volatility, risk-adjusted return and worst decline against every stock worth at least $300 million with enough history. Where the comparisons with its popular alternatives show how F stacks up against its peers, these rankings show where it stands in the market as a whole.
- F lands in the broad middle of the market on every measure here. F is among the steadier stocks: its price swings rank in the top 49% of the 2,897 stocks worth at least $300 million, where the top is the calmest.
Ranked against U.S.-listed stocks worth at least $300M that have enough history for each measure, so the count changes from row to row; smaller stocks are left out. Lower volatility and smaller declines rank higher.
| Measure | F | Rank | Standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-year return | +0.5% | 2,016 of 3,282 | bottom 40% |
| 3-year return | +25.4% | 1,962 of 3,016 | bottom 36% |
| 5-year return | −0.3% | 1,743 of 2,897 | bottom 41% |
| 10-year return | +65.8% | 1,510 of 2,201 | bottom 32% |
| Volatility, 5 years | 39.2% | 1,413 of 2,897 | top 49% |
| Sharpe ratio, 5 years | 0.20 | 1,880 of 2,897 | bottom 36% |
| Worst decline, past 10 years | −64.7% | 1,081 of 2,184 | top 49% |
What has beaten F on both return and risk?
Each dot is an investment, placed by how much it earned a year over the past 5 years (higher is better) and how much its price swung, its volatility (further left is calmer). F sits where the dashed lines cross. Anything in the green box above and to the left earned more than F with smaller swings, a better trade-off over this period on both counts. Past results are no promise, but a name in the box is worth a closer look.
- 899 stocks and 837 ETFs worth at least $500 million sit in the green region: each earned more than F over the past 5 years with smaller price swings. That is 48% of the 3,641 screened.
- Among those with at least half F's swings, CAH has the best return for its risk: 41.7% a year at 24.7% volatility, 37% less than F's 39.2%, and a Sharpe ratio (return above cash per unit of volatility) of 1.54 against 0.20 for F. MPC earned the most, 50.0% a year, while still swinging less than F (33.4% against 39.2%).
- Among F's popular alternatives, RACE, ALV and BWA are in the region. RACE earned 13.2% a year against a loss of 0.1% a year for F, at 30.0% volatility, 23% less than F's 39.2%.
Annual return is the annualized total return with dividends reinvested, and volatility the annualized swing in daily prices, both over 5 years. Labeled dots are the strongest picks from the table below and the names called out above, colored by how close they sit to F; faint dots are 93 more of the 1,736 in the green region (the strongest, one per fund family). 3,641 stocks and funds worth at least $500 million were screened. Hover over a dot for its figures.
- Popular alternatives
- Same and neighboring categories, and shared themes
- The whole market
- Others in the green region
Is there a better investment than F?
Investments that beat F over the past 5 years on return, volatility, drawdowns, consistency, crash losses or fees, from its popular alternatives out to the whole market.
- Among F's popular alternatives, TM, RACE and GM earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years. TM returned 5.7% a year at 27.0% volatility, against a loss of 0.1% a year at 39.2%.
- Looking beyond its popular alternatives, DORM (auto parts) and ALSN (auto parts) earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years. DORM returned 4.5% a year at 33.8% volatility, against a loss of 0.1% a year at 39.2%.
- Simply owning the S&P 500 would have done better over the past 5 years: 12.5% a year at 17.2% volatility, against 0.1% at 39.2% for F.
How this works
The table below lists investments that beat F over the past 5 years on at least one of these measures: a higher annual return with lower volatility, a higher annual return at similar volatility, a similar return with lower volatility, a higher Sharpe ratio with a smaller worst decline, a higher total return in most periods from 3 months to 10 years, or smaller losses in recent market crashes. It checks F's popular alternatives first, then the rest of its own and neighboring categories, then every stock and fund worth at least $500 million, and shows the strongest few in each group. The full list of those with a higher return and lower volatility than F follows the table.
Annual return is the annualized total return with dividends reinvested. Annual return, volatility and the Sharpe ratio cover 5 years; the worst decline covers the past 10 years. Green marks a better figure than F's. "On the frontier" means no other option shown or tested earned more with less volatility. Funds that hold the same thing are shown once. Beyond the popular alternatives, nothing with more than 1.5× F's volatility counts as better.
These figures cover the past 5 years. Green marks a better figure than F's.
| Investment | Why it is better | Past 5 years | Downside | Long run | Fit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual return?higher is better | Volatility?lower is calmer | Sharpe?return per unit of risk | Worst decline?past 10 years | 10Y returntotal | Corr. with F?lower diversifies more | Expenseper year | |||
| FFord Motor Company · this page | −0.1% | 39.2% | 0.20 | −64.7% | +65.8% | 1.00 | — | ||
 SPYState Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF · S&P 500 | +12.5% | 17.2% | 0.78 | −33.7% | +316% | 0.67 | 0.09% | ||
| Popular alternativesbest 6 shownThe investments people most often weigh against F. 7 of 17 passed at least one test. | |||||||||
 TMToyota Motor Corporation · Automobiles | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +5.7% | 27.0% | 0.34 | −36.8% | +132% | 0.45 | — | |
 RACEFerrari N.V. · Automobiles | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periods | +13.2% | 30.0% | 0.56 | −39.2% | +699% | 0.33 | — | |
 GMGeneral Motors Company · Automobiles | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher return in most periods | +6.9% | 36.7% | 0.36 | −59.9% | +182% | 0.74 | — | |
BWABorgWarner Inc. · Auto Parts | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher return in most periods | +8.4% | 34.7% | 0.41 | −64.6% | +106% | 0.63 | — | |
ALVAutoliv, Inc. · Auto Parts | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher return in most periods | +8.3% | 32.1% | 0.41 | −63.1% | +112% | 0.63 | — | |
 HMCHonda Motor Co., Ltd. · Automobiles | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst decline | +6.7% | 27.5% | 0.37 | −42.0% | +64.7% | 0.43 | — | |
| Same and neighboring categories, and shared themesbest 6 shownEverything else in Automobiles and the categories next to it (Electric Vehicles, Auto Parts), plus F's specific themes. 9 of 25 passed at least one test. | |||||||||
DORMDorman Products, Inc. · Auto Parts | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +4.5% | 33.8% | 0.30 | −50.8% | +104% | 0.29 | — | |
ALSNAllison Transmission Holdings, Inc. · Auto Parts | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periods | +27.8% | 29.9% | 0.98 | −48.7% | +363% | 0.26 | — | |
RUSHARush Enterprises, Inc. · Industrial Distribution · Commercial Vehicles theme | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periods | +15.9% | 30.6% | 0.64 | −47.9% | +649% | 0.35 | — | |
GPCGenuine Parts Company · Auto Parts | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher return in most periods | +2.1% | 28.1% | 0.22 | −54.9% | +88.8% | 0.28 | — | |
 CMICummins Inc. · Industrial Machinery · Commercial Vehicles theme | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst decline | +19.3% | 29.0% | 0.76 | −44.0% | +429% | 0.40 | — | |
GTXGarrett Motion Inc. · Auto Parts | Higher return, similar volatilityHigher return in most periods | +25.1% | 41.5% | 0.74 | −93.1% | — | 0.25 | — | |
| The whole marketbest 8 shownEvery other stock and fund worth at least $500 million. 2,378 of 3,605 passed at least one test. | |||||||||
 RYRoyal Bank of Canada · Banks | On the frontierHigher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +17.5% | 18.2% | 0.98 | −40.0% | +361% | 0.39 | — | |
 GOOGAlphabet Inc. · Internet Services | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +18.5% | 32.0% | 0.69 | −44.6% | +696% | 0.31 | — | |
 MSFTMicrosoft Corporation · Software | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +11.9% | 28.2% | 0.54 | −37.1% | +862% | 0.45 | — | |
 LLYEli Lilly and Company · Pharmaceuticals | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +41.2% | 32.8% | 1.22 | −34.5% | +1,870% | 0.19 | — | |
 VTIVanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF · US Total Market | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +11.4% | 17.5% | 0.71 | −35.0% | +298% | 0.67 | 0.03% | |
 VOOVanguard S&P 500 ETF · US Large-Cap Equity | Higher return, lower volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +12.6% | 16.9% | 0.79 | −34.0% | +319% | 0.67 | 0.03% | |
 AEMAgnico Eagle Mines Limited · Gold Mining | Higher return, similar volatilityHigher Sharpe, smaller worst declineHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +28.2% | 38.5% | 0.84 | −54.2% | +335% | 0.10 | — | |
 PLDPrologis, Inc. · Industrial REITs | Similar return, lower volatilityHigher return in most periodsSmaller losses in recent crashes | +0.4% | 27.2% | 0.15 | −43.3% | +218% | 0.53 | — | |
What these numbers mean for F
- Annual return
- F lost 0.1% a year over the past 5 years with dividends reinvested, against 12.5% a year for the S&P 500. At that pace, $10,000 became about $9,970. Annual return is the steady yearly rate that would produce the same total result, so investments held over the same span compare fairly. Guide: What is performance and return? →
- Volatility
- F's volatility over the past 5 years was 39.2%, 2.3 times the S&P 500's 17.2%. Volatility measures how widely returns swing around their average: in roughly two years out of three, F's return lands within 39.2% of its average, either way. The higher it is, the rougher the ride and the harder it is to hold through a slump. Guide: Understanding and measuring risk (volatility) →
- Sharpe ratio
- F's Sharpe ratio over the past 5 years was 0.20, against 0.78 for the S&P 500, so F earned less for each unit of risk than an index fund did. The Sharpe ratio is the return earned above cash for each unit of volatility: two investments with the same return are not equal if one got there with far bigger swings. Guide: Balancing reward with risk (Sharpe ratio) →
- Worst decline
- F's worst fall from a peak to a low over the past 10 years was 64.7%, against 33.7% for the S&P 500. Losses and gains are not symmetric: climbing back from a 64.7% fall takes a 183% gain. Guide: Market crash risk and tail risk →
- Correlation
- Over the past 5 years, F's monthly returns had a correlation of 0.67 with the S&P 500. Correlation runs from 1 (moving in lockstep) through 0 (unrelated) to −1 (moving in opposite directions). They often move together: some diversification next to an index fund, but not a cushion. In the table, the correlation column measures each option against F instead: the lower it is, the more that option would diversify a F holding. Guide: Correlation and diversification →
Show all 1,736 stocks and funds worth at least $500 million that earned more than F with less volatility
Out of 3,641 tested over 5 years. The strongest 100 are listed, best first, with funds that hold the same thing listed once.
| # | Investment | Found in | Annual return | Volatility | Sharpe | Worst decline | 10Y return | Corr. with F | Expense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RYRoyal Bank of Canada · Banks | Whole market | +17.5% | 18.2% | 0.98 | −40.0% | +361% | 0.39 | — |
| 2 | GOOGAlphabet Inc. · Internet Services | Whole market | +18.5% | 32.0% | 0.69 | −44.6% | +696% | 0.31 | — |
| 3 | MSFTMicrosoft Corporation · Software | Whole market | +11.9% | 28.2% | 0.54 | −37.1% | +862% | 0.45 | — |
| 4 | LLYEli Lilly and Company · Pharmaceuticals | Whole market | +41.2% | 32.8% | 1.22 | −34.5% | +1,870% | 0.19 | — |
| 5 | VTIVanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF · US Total Market | Whole market | +11.4% | 17.5% | 0.71 | −35.0% | +298% | 0.67 | 0.03% |
| 6 | VOOVanguard S&P 500 ETF · US Large-Cap Equity | Whole market | +12.6% | 16.9% | 0.79 | −34.0% | +319% | 0.67 | 0.03% |
| 7 |  WMTWalmart Inc. · Discount Retail | Whole market | +21.1% | 22.6% | 0.97 | −25.7% | +521% | 0.18 | — |
| 8 |  BRK-ABerkshire Hathaway Inc. · Insurance | Whole market | +13.5% | 17.2% | 0.83 | −30.4% | +281% | 0.33 | — |
| 9 |  JNJJohnson & Johnson · Pharmaceuticals | Whole market | +13.5% | 18.0% | 0.80 | −27.4% | +209% | 0.04 | — |
| 10 |  VVisa Inc. · Payment Processing | Whole market | +13.2% | 22.9% | 0.66 | −36.4% | +435% | 0.34 | — |
| 11 |  KOThe Coca-Cola Company · Nonalcoholic Beverages | Whole market | +15.2% | 16.8% | 0.93 | −37.0% | +205% | 0.20 | — |
| 12 |  VXUSVanguard Total International Stock ETF · International Equity | Whole market | +8.0% | 16.4% | 0.56 | −36.0% | +137% | 0.55 | 0.05% |
| 13 |  CSCOCisco Systems, Inc. · Communications Equipment | Whole market | +16.9% | 26.1% | 0.73 | −42.0% | +361% | 0.60 | — |
| 14 |  MRKMerck & Co., Inc. · Pharmaceuticals | Whole market | +16.1% | 24.8% | 0.73 | −43.4% | +245% | 0.19 | — |
| 15 |  VTVVanguard Morningstar Value ETF · US Large-Cap Value | Whole market | +12.2% | 13.7% | 0.91 | −36.8% | +237% | 0.57 | 0.03% |
| 16 |  AMGNAmgen Inc. · Biotechnology | Whole market | +20.1% | 24.9% | 0.86 | −24.9% | +280% | 0.15 | — |
| 17 |  VEAVanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF · Developed International Equity | Whole market | +9.1% | 16.9% | 0.60 | −35.8% | +152% | 0.58 | 0.03% |
| 18 |  PGThe Procter & Gamble Company · Household & Personal Products | Whole market | +5.8% | 18.4% | 0.40 | −23.8% | +156% | 0.19 | — |
| 19 |  LINLinde plc · Chemicals | Whole market | +11.7% | 20.9% | 0.64 | −32.6% | +404% | 0.32 | — |
| 20 |  ADIAnalog Devices, Inc. · Semiconductors | Whole market | +18.6% | 34.2% | 0.67 | −33.6% | +625% | 0.40 | — |
| 21 |  CBChubb Limited · Property & Casualty Insurance | Whole market | +15.8% | 20.4% | 0.82 | −42.6% | +256% | 0.09 | — |
| 22 |  TXNTexas Instruments Incorporated · Semiconductors | Whole market | +10.1% | 33.8% | 0.45 | −33.4% | +413% | 0.40 | — |
| 23 |  AZNAstraZeneca PLC · Pharmaceuticals | Whole market | +8.9% | 35.7% | 0.42 | −28.7% | +276% | 0.18 | — |
| 24 |  VIGVanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF · Dividend Growth | Whole market | +10.4% | 14.1% | 0.77 | −31.7% | +258% | 0.63 | 0.04% |
| 25 |  TRVThe Travelers Companies, Inc. · Property & Casualty Insurance | Whole market | +22.4% | 22.3% | 1.02 | −46.3% | +360% | 0.13 | — |
| 26 |  VYMVanguard High Dividend Yield ETF · High Dividend Yield | Whole market | +11.6% | 13.8% | 0.87 | −35.2% | +209% | 0.57 | 0.04% |
| 27 |  SCHDSchwab U.S. Dividend Equity ETF · US Dividend Equity | Whole market | +10.2% | 14.4% | 0.75 | −33.4% | +256% | 0.53 | 0.06% |
| 28 |  TTTrane Technologies plc · Building Products | Whole market | +21.4% | 27.7% | 0.84 | −40.5% | +927% | 0.39 | — |
| 29 |  BNSThe Bank of Nova Scotia · Banks | Whole market | +13.2% | 20.0% | 0.73 | −46.9% | +191% | 0.49 | — |
| 30 |  SOThe Southern Company · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +12.3% | 18.9% | 0.71 | −38.4% | +178% | 0.08 | — |
| 31 |  CMECME Group Inc. · Capital Markets | Whole market | +11.6% | 20.8% | 0.63 | −37.4% | +334% | 0.23 | — |
| 32 |  VTVanguard Total World Stock ETF · Global Equity | Whole market | +10.1% | 16.2% | 0.68 | −34.2% | +220% | 0.66 | 0.06% |
| 33 |  IEMGiShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF · Emerging Markets Equity | Whole market | +6.5% | 19.5% | 0.42 | −38.7% | +115% | 0.46 | 0.09% |
| 34 |  VWOVanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF · Emerging Markets Equity | Whole market | +5.0% | 17.5% | 0.36 | −36.4% | +95.9% | 0.40 | 0.06% |
| 35 |  ADPAutomatic Data Processing, Inc. · Business Services | Whole market | +9.6% | 23.0% | 0.52 | −40.8% | +337% | 0.36 | — |
| 36 |  RSGRepublic Services, Inc. · Waste Management | Whole market | +14.1% | 18.6% | 0.80 | −34.0% | +461% | 0.23 | — |
| 37 |  ULUnilever PLC · Household & Personal Products | Whole market | +5.7% | 21.6% | 0.37 | −30.1% | +96.5% | 0.23 | — |
| 38 |  MSIMotorola Solutions, Inc. · Communications Equipment | Whole market | +15.2% | 23.6% | 0.72 | −32.8% | +639% | 0.32 | — |
| 39 |  RSPInvesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF · US Large-Cap Equity | Whole market | +8.4% | 16.1% | 0.58 | −39.0% | +214% | 0.64 | 0.20% |
| 40 |  ORLYO'Reilly Automotive, Inc. · Specialty Retail | Whole market | +15.8% | 23.4% | 0.75 | −42.0% | +394% | 0.11 | — |
| 41 |  WMWaste Management, Inc. · Waste Management | Whole market | +9.5% | 19.3% | 0.57 | −30.1% | +357% | 0.23 | — |
| 42 |  ETREntergy Corporation · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +19.8% | 22.4% | 0.92 | −42.0% | +326% | 0.06 | — |
| 43 |  NGGNational Grid plc · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +12.3% | 22.6% | 0.63 | −39.2% | +125% | 0.31 | — |
| 44 |  GSKGSK plc · Pharmaceuticals | Whole market | +9.5% | 24.5% | 0.50 | −37.6% | +101% | 0.22 | — |
| 45 |  CCEPCoca-Cola Europacific Partners PLC · Food & Beverages | Whole market | +20.4% | 23.3% | 0.92 | −48.8% | +294% | 0.26 | — |
| 46 |  DUKDuke Energy Corporation · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +7.9% | 18.1% | 0.52 | −37.4% | +140% | 0.16 | — |
| 47 | ESLTElbit Systems Ltd. · Aerospace & Defense | Whole market | +39.7% | 34.6% | 1.14 | −35.4% | +763% | 0.16 | — |
| 48 |  AEPAmerican Electric Power Company, Inc. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +12.8% | 20.2% | 0.70 | −32.9% | +192% | 0.15 | — |
| 49 |  FASTFastenal Company · Industrial Distribution | Whole market | +16.2% | 24.6% | 0.74 | −30.7% | +582% | 0.27 | — |
| 50 |  AJGArthur J. Gallagher & Co. · Insurance Brokers | Whole market | +11.6% | 24.3% | 0.57 | −44.4% | +552% | 0.17 | — |
| 51 |  CLColgate-Palmolive Company · Household & Personal Products | Whole market | +7.8% | 19.3% | 0.48 | −29.0% | +73.7% | 0.29 | — |
| 52 |  MMM3M Company · Industrial Conglomerates | Whole market | +7.2% | 28.8% | 0.39 | −57.4% | +78.8% | 0.34 | — |
| 53 |  ICEIntercontinental Exchange, Inc. · Capital Markets | Whole market | +5.9% | 21.8% | 0.37 | −34.3% | +249% | 0.40 | — |
| 54 |  TRPTC Energy Corporation · Oil & Gas Midstream | Whole market | +10.9% | 21.9% | 0.58 | −41.6% | +165% | 0.34 | — |
| 55 |  MRSHMarsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. · Insurance Brokers | Whole market | +4.8% | 21.0% | 0.33 | −35.8% | +261% | 0.29 | — |
| 56 |  ITWIllinois Tool Works Inc. · Industrial Machinery | Whole market | +7.0% | 21.4% | 0.42 | −37.9% | +213% | 0.51 | — |
| 57 |  ECLEcolab Inc. · Specialty Chemicals | Whole market | +6.9% | 24.1% | 0.40 | −43.7% | +179% | 0.44 | — |
| 58 | CBOECboe Global Markets, Inc. · Capital Markets | Whole market | +22.0% | 25.1% | 0.92 | −43.2% | +481% | 0.39 | — |
| 59 |  GRMNGarmin Ltd. · Computer Hardware | Whole market | +14.8% | 31.6% | 0.59 | −54.6% | +678% | 0.18 | — |
| 60 |  IXORIX Corporation · Diversified Financials | Whole market | +18.3% | 25.4% | 0.79 | −42.5% | +286% | 0.58 | — |
| 61 |  CAHCardinal Health, Inc. · Health Care Distribution | Whole market | +41.7% | 24.7% | 1.54 | −46.1% | +345% | 0.28 | — |
| 62 |  EDConsolidated Edison, Inc. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +12.7% | 18.9% | 0.73 | −30.9% | +123% | 0.11 | — |
| 63 |  RELXRELX Plc · Business Services | Whole market | +7.4% | 24.2% | 0.42 | −49.9% | +179% | 0.26 | — |
| 64 |  MDLZMondelez International, Inc. · Packaged Foods | Whole market | +4.3% | 20.3% | 0.31 | −29.8% | +94.6% | 0.28 | — |
| 65 |  NDAQNasdaq, Inc. · Capital Markets | Whole market | +10.5% | 24.9% | 0.53 | −38.3% | +447% | 0.35 | — |
| 66 | IRMIron Mountain Incorporated · Specialty REITs | Whole market | +23.8% | 30.3% | 0.86 | −39.0% | +456% | 0.33 | — |
| 67 |  AAPLApple Inc. · Computer Hardware | Whole market | +19.1% | 28.0% | 0.77 | −38.5% | +1,194% | 0.62 | — |
| 68 |  FMXFomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. · Convenience Stores | Whole market | +14.0% | 25.7% | 0.64 | −45.5% | +78.2% | 0.08 | — |
| 69 |  XLVState Street Health Care Select Sector SPDR ETF · Health Care Equity | Whole market | +8.4% | 15.3% | 0.60 | −28.4% | +208% | 0.38 | 0.08% |
| 70 | KOFCoca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V. · Food & Beverages | Whole market | +22.4% | 24.7% | 0.95 | −55.1% | +119% | 0.32 | — |
| 71 | WRBW. R. Berkley Corporation · Property & Casualty Insurance | Whole market | +18.6% | 22.9% | 0.86 | −45.3% | +466% | 0.05 | — |
| 72 | CHTChunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. · Integrated Telecommunications | Whole market | +8.2% | 13.3% | 0.66 | −23.8% | +104% | 0.13 | — |
| 73 |  DLRDigital Realty Trust, Inc. · Data Center REITs | Whole market | +5.2% | 29.4% | 0.32 | −48.5% | +148% | 0.32 | — |
| 74 |  KRThe Kroger Co. · Grocery Stores | Whole market | +13.5% | 27.4% | 0.60 | −43.8% | +168% | 0.12 | — |
| 75 | FNDFSchwab Fundamental International Large Company Index ETF · International Large-Cap Equity | Whole market | +13.6% | 16.3% | 0.87 | −40.2% | +193% | 0.57 | 0.25% |
| 76 |  FNVFranco-Nevada Corporation · Gold Mining | Whole market | +11.2% | 31.3% | 0.50 | −37.1% | +302% | 0.15 | — |
| 77 |  XELXcel Energy Inc. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +7.2% | 20.9% | 0.44 | −34.4% | +164% | 0.14 | — |
| 78 | RSReliance Steel & Aluminum Co. · Metals & Mining | Whole market | +24.8% | 28.1% | 0.94 | −40.8% | +639% | 0.40 | — |
| 79 |  WCNWaste Connections, Inc. · Waste Management | Whole market | +7.4% | 20.4% | 0.45 | −31.6% | +299% | 0.24 | — |
| 80 | LLoews Corporation · Property & Casualty Insurance | Whole market | +15.0% | 19.2% | 0.83 | −48.5% | +190% | 0.18 | — |
| 81 |  VGKVanguard FTSE Europe ETF · European Equity | Whole market | +8.2% | 17.9% | 0.53 | −37.2% | +150% | 0.53 | 0.06% |
| 82 | BCHBanco de Chile · Banks | Whole market | +24.2% | 28.2% | 0.91 | −58.4% | +168% | 0.13 | — |
| 83 | HDViShares Core High Dividend ETF · High Dividend Yield | Whole market | +13.3% | 13.0% | 1.03 | −37.0% | +177% | 0.43 | 0.08% |
| 84 | FTSFortis Inc. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +9.5% | 16.5% | 0.63 | −34.3% | +162% | 0.23 | — |
| 85 | HYGHiShares Interest Rate Hedged High Yield Bond ETF · High Yield Bonds | Whole market | +6.6% | 7.1% | 0.95 | −23.9% | +73.7% | 0.52 | 1.12% |
| 86 | WECWEC Energy Group, Inc. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +7.7% | 19.1% | 0.49 | −32.3% | +168% | 0.17 | — |
| 87 | NINiSource Inc · Gas Utilities | Whole market | +15.5% | 20.3% | 0.81 | −30.9% | +166% | 0.21 | — |
| 88 |  WATWaters Corporation · Life Sciences Tools | Whole market | +4.6% | 33.9% | 0.30 | −44.3% | +189% | 0.41 | — |
| 89 | DGRWWisdomTree U.S. Quality Dividend Growth Fund · US Dividend Equity | Whole market | +11.7% | 14.0% | 0.87 | −32.0% | +271% | 0.66 | 0.28% |
| 90 | USMViShares MSCI USA Min Vol Factor ETF · US Low-Volatility Equity | Whole market | +7.7% | 12.3% | 0.66 | −33.1% | +179% | 0.56 | 0.15% |
| 91 | AEEAmeren Corporation · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +8.2% | 19.4% | 0.50 | −29.1% | +199% | 0.10 | — |
| 92 | CINFCincinnati Financial Corporation · Property & Casualty Insurance | Whole market | +10.6% | 25.7% | 0.52 | −58.1% | +218% | 0.04 | — |
| 93 | FEFirstEnergy Corp. · Electric Utilities | Whole market | +8.6% | 19.4% | 0.52 | −47.7% | +111% | 0.27 | — |
| 94 | WTWWillis Towers Watson Public Limited Company · Insurance Brokers | Whole market | +7.5% | 24.0% | 0.42 | −32.9% | +200% | 0.22 | — |
| 95 | EXPDExpeditors International of Washington, Inc. · Freight & Logistics | Whole market | +11.1% | 27.1% | 0.53 | −35.6% | +338% | 0.48 | — |
| 96 | SDYState Street SPDR S&P Dividend ETF · US Dividend Equity | Whole market | +8.1% | 14.0% | 0.63 | −36.7% | +163% | 0.52 | 0.35% |
| 97 | EWJiShares MSCI Japan ETF · Japan Equity | Whole market | +9.3% | 18.7% | 0.57 | −33.1% | +129% | 0.54 | 0.49% |
| 98 | EWYiShares MSCI South Korea ETF · International Equity | Whole market | +15.5% | 34.1% | 0.60 | −49.7% | +219% | 0.50 | 0.59% |
| 99 | RNRRenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. · Insurance | Whole market | +20.6% | 27.9% | 0.81 | −40.7% | +222% | -0.15 | — |
| 100 | VRSNVeriSign, Inc. · Internet Services | Whole market | +7.2% | 25.9% | 0.40 | −38.9% | +281% | 0.38 | — |
F against its popular alternatives
The investments people most often weigh against F, compared period by period and year by year.
How do F's risk and return compare with its alternatives?
This map plots each investment's annual return over the past 5 years against its volatility, the size of its typical price swings. Investments toward the upper left earned more for a smoother ride, and those toward the lower right earned less for a rougher one. The dashed lines cross at F, which divides the map into what did better or worse on each measure.
- Six of the 17 popular alternatives, led by RACE, BWA and ALV, were both more rewarding and calmer than F over the past 5 years, earning a higher annual return with lower volatility.
- Over the past 5 years, F returned -0.1% a year, less than the S&P 500's 12.5%, with higher volatility (39.2% against 17.2%).
Green points earned more than F with less volatility; red points earned less with more. Hover over a point for its figures. Total returns with dividends reinvested, annualized.
All figures
| Investment | Annual return | Volatility |
|---|---|---|
| RACE Ferrari N.V. | +13.2% | 30.0% |
| SPY S&P 500State Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF | +12.5% | 17.2% |
| BWA BorgWarner Inc. | +8.4% | 34.7% |
| ALV Autoliv, Inc. | +8.3% | 32.1% |
| GM General Motors Company | +6.9% | 36.7% |
| HMC Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | +6.7% | 27.5% |
| TM Toyota Motor Corporation | +5.7% | 27.0% |
| TSLA Tesla, Inc. | +4.3% | 60.0% |
| F This pageFord Motor Company | −0.1% | 39.2% |
| MGA Magna International Inc. | −0.7% | 35.8% |
| LEA Lear Corporation | −4.6% | 34.3% |
| LI Li Auto Inc. | −18.7% | 62.1% |
| VFS VinFast Auto Ltd. | −21.2% | 147% |
| STLA Stellantis N.V. | −21.4% | 42.6% |
| APTV Aptiv PLC | −23.6% | 41.4% |
| XPEV XPeng Inc. | −26.8% | 77.9% |
| NIO NIO Inc. | −38.9% | 70.9% |
| LCID Lucid Group, Inc. | −57.2% | 84.3% |
| PSNY Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC | −59.0% | 81.8% |
Has F consistently beaten its popular alternatives?
This section compares F with the investments people most often weigh against it, checking each one over eight periods from one month to ten years. Counting how often an alternative earned more than F helps separate lasting outperformance from a single strong stretch.
- Six of the 18 popular alternatives, led by RACE, GM and ALV, outperformed F in at least 3 of 5 short-term and 2 of 3 long-term timeframes.
- RACE, GM and ALV outperformed F in every long-term period and in all but one short-term period, the most consistent record in the group.
- RACE, ALV and BWA earned more for the risk they took than F (a higher Sharpe ratio) and fell less in their worst decline of the past 10 years.
A green cell means the alternative earned more than F over that period. "Qualified" marks those that did so in at least 3 of 5 short-term periods and 2 of 3 long-term periods.
| Investment | Periods outperformed | Short term | Long term | Risk · 5 years | Fund | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1M | 3M | 6M | YTD | 1Y | 3Y | 5Y | 10Y | Volatilitylower is calmer | Sharpehigher is better | Worst declinepast 10 years | Expense | Assets | Overlapsame sectors | ||
| F Ford Motor Company (this page) | — | −8.9% | −16.3% | −3.3% | −7.4% | +0.5% | +25.4% | −0.3% | +65.8% | 39.2% | 0.20 | −64.7% | — | $48B | — |
| RACE QualifiedFerrari N.V. | 5/5 short3/3 longAll-weather | −3.8% | +7.0% | +10.9% | +8.2% | +2.1% | +34.5% | +85.5% | +699% | 30.0% | 0.56 | −39.2% | — | $70B | — |
| GM QualifiedGeneral Motors Company | 5/5 short3/3 longAll-weather | −7.5% | −5.8% | −1.9% | −4.0% | +15.7% | +172% | +39.5% | +182% | 36.7% | 0.36 | −59.9% | — | $68B | — |
| ALV QualifiedAutoliv, Inc. | 5/5 short3/3 longAll-weather | +0.1% | +0.6% | +3.8% | −0.4% | +5.9% | +34.5% | +48.7% | +112% | 32.1% | 0.41 | −63.1% | — | $8.7B | — |
| BWA QualifiedBorgWarner Inc. | 4/5 short3/3 longAll-weather | −9.2% | −13.5% | −0.1% | +19.9% | +28.9% | +50.8% | +49.9% | +106% | 34.7% | 0.41 | −64.6% | — | $11B | — |
| MGA QualifiedMagna International Inc. | 5/5 short2/3 long | +1.5% | −3.5% | +7.0% | +21.1% | +46.2% | +44.0% | −3.6% | +113% | 35.8% | 0.16 | −66.3% | — | $17B | — |
| TM QualifiedToyota Motor Corporation | 4/5 short2/3 long | +5.0% | +12.1% | +0.6% | −6.0% | +0.6% | +24.9% | +32.2% | +132% | 27.0% | 0.34 | −36.8% | — | $235B | — |
| TSLA Auto - ManufacturersTesla, Inc. | 2/5 short3/3 long | −1.1% | +0.2% | −3.3% | −14.5% | −14.7% | +76.6% | +23.5% | +2,671% | 60.0% | 0.37 | −73.6% | — | $1.5T | — |
| HMC Auto - ManufacturersHonda Motor Co., Ltd. | 5/5 short1/3 long | +6.7% | +21.2% | +40.5% | +18.5% | +11.5% | +19.7% | +38.2% | +64.7% | 27.5% | 0.37 | −42.0% | — | $45B | — |
| LEA Auto - PartsLear Corporation | 3/5 short0/3 long | −3.1% | −16.9% | −6.3% | +1.8% | +21.5% | −1.7% | −20.9% | +22.8% | 34.3% | 0.03 | −64.5% | — | $5.9B | — |
| LI Auto - ManufacturersLi Auto Inc. | 2/5 short0/3 long | −1.6% | −5.4% | −38.5% | −33.5% | −47.5% | −64.7% | −64.5% | — | 62.1% | -0.03 | −77.1% | — | $11B | — |
| APTV Auto - PartsAptiv PLC | 1/5 short0/3 long | −1.8% | −24.8% | −28.0% | −44.1% | −48.1% | −51.1% | −74.0% | −12.8% | 41.4% | -0.44 | −75.8% | — | $9.1B | — |
| VFS Auto - ManufacturersVinFast Auto Ltd. | 1/5 short0/3 long | −8.4% | −6.0% | −36.9% | −12.4% | −7.5% | −38.3% | −69.7% | — | 147% | 0.27 | −97.1% | — | $6.9B | — |
| STLA Auto - ManufacturersStellantis N.V. | 0/5 short0/3 long | −11.6% | −26.4% | −49.8% | −62.6% | −60.5% | −73.8% | −70.1% | +34.3% | 42.6% | -0.35 | −83.3% | — | $12B | — |
| LCID Auto - ManufacturersLucid Group, Inc. | 0/5 short0/3 long | −19.9% | −49.0% | −49.9% | −69.0% | −81.3% | −92.0% | −98.6% | — | 84.3% | -0.60 | −99.5% | — | $1.1B | — |
| NIO Auto - ManufacturersNIO Inc. | 0/5 short0/3 long | −11.0% | −29.1% | −48.9% | −35.6% | −51.6% | −56.4% | −91.5% | — | 70.9% | -0.35 | −95.0% | — | $7.8B | — |
| PSNY Auto - ManufacturersPolestar Automotive Holding UK PLC | 0/5 short0/3 long | −52.1% | −75.0% | −80.3% | −82.0% | −85.8% | −94.9% | −98.8% | — | 81.8% | -0.69 | −99.3% | — | $583M | — |
| RIVN Auto - ManufacturersRivian Automotive, Inc. | 0/5 short0/3 long | −20.3% | −29.8% | −32.0% | −37.9% | −6.7% | −29.3% | — | — | — | — | −95.1% | — | $17B | — |
| XPEV Auto - ManufacturersXPeng Inc. | 0/5 short0/3 long | −13.5% | −29.4% | −46.6% | −55.6% | −57.3% | −34.8% | −79.0% | — | 77.9% | -0.03 | −91.1% | — | $8.6B | — |
How did F do year by year?
This table shows each investment's total return in every full calendar year since 1997, along with where F ranked among its popular alternatives each year. Annual results reveal how consistently each one kept pace with F and how far its good and bad years diverged, detail that multiyear averages tend to smooth over.
- Among its popular alternatives, RACE came out ahead of F most often, in eight of the ten years both traded.
- Ranked against its popular alternatives each year, F finished in the top quarter in six of 29 years and in the bottom quarter in ten. In 2025, it ranked 5 of 19.
- F finished ahead of the S&P 500 in eight of its 29 full calendar years.
Newest year first. Green marks a year in which the fund came out ahead of F; gray means the two finished within a fraction of a point. The rank row places F among the alternatives that traded the full year; dark green is the top quarter and red the bottom quarter.
| Investment | Years ahead of F | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F This pageFord Motor Company | — | +42.3% | −13.1% | +15.9% | −42.2% | +137% | −3.9% | +29.7% | −34.4% | +8.8% | −8.0% | −5.4% | +3.7% | +22.4% | +22.6% | −35.9% | +68.0% | +336% | −66.0% | −10.2% | −0.3% | −45.2% | −5.9% | +78.6% | −39.0% | −30.1% | −17.7% | −9.2% | +81.2% | +50.6% |
| Rank among alternatives | Top quarter in 6 of 29 | 5 of 19 | 8 of 19 | 11 of 19 | 11 of 19 | 2 of 16 | 12 of 13 | 3 of 13 | 12 of 12 | 12 of 12 | 10 of 12 | 9 of 11 | 8 of 11 | 10 of 11 | 7 of 11 | 8 of 10 | 4 of 8 | 1 of 6 | 6 of 6 | 3 of 6 | 5 of 6 | 6 of 6 | 6 of 6 | 3 of 6 | 6 of 6 | 6 of 6 | 4 of 6 | 3 of 6 | 1 of 6 | 1 of 5 |
| SPY S&P 500State Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF | 21 of 29 | +17.7% | +24.9% | +26.2% | −18.2% | +28.7% | +18.3% | +31.2% | −4.6% | +21.7% | +12.0% | +1.2% | +13.5% | +32.3% | +16.0% | +1.9% | +15.1% | +26.4% | −36.8% | +5.1% | +15.9% | +4.8% | +10.7% | +28.2% | −21.6% | −11.7% | −9.8% | +20.4% | +28.7% | +33.5% |
| RACE Ferrari N.V. | 8 of 10 | −12.3% | +26.3% | +59.1% | −16.7% | +13.3% | +39.7% | +67.9% | −4.5% | +80.3% | +22.7% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| GM General Motors Company | 9 of 15 | +54.2% | +49.8% | +8.0% | −42.4% | +40.8% | +15.2% | +14.0% | −15.0% | +22.5% | +7.4% | +1.5% | −11.6% | +41.8% | +42.2% | −45.0% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ALV Autoliv, Inc. | 19 of 28 | +30.3% | −12.7% | +48.0% | −23.5% | +14.5% | +11.2% | +24.3% | −21.6% | +14.8% | −7.3% | +19.9% | +18.1% | +39.7% | +30.1% | −30.4% | +83.9% | +104% | −57.5% | −10.3% | +36.1% | −3.5% | +30.6% | +83.4% | +5.2% | +30.6% | −44.6% | −20.4% | +15.0% | — |
| BWA BorgWarner Inc. | 16 of 29 | +43.9% | −10.2% | +2.6% | −9.2% | +18.4% | −9.2% | +27.1% | −31.0% | +31.2% | −7.3% | −20.5% | −0.8% | +56.9% | +12.4% | −11.9% | +118% | +53.7% | −54.5% | +65.5% | −1.6% | +13.2% | +28.5% | +70.9% | −2.5% | +31.7% | +0.6% | −26.6% | +8.4% | +37.2% |
| MGA Magna International Inc. | 19 of 29 | +33.7% | −26.3% | +8.8% | −28.6% | +16.6% | +33.4% | +24.3% | −18.4% | +33.0% | +9.7% | −24.0% | +34.4% | +67.2% | +54.9% | −34.3% | +108% | +70.3% | −62.0% | +1.2% | +14.3% | −11.0% | +5.1% | +87.5% | −9.6% | +55.4% | +7.5% | −30.3% | +1.0% | +15.6% |
| TM Toyota Motor Corporation | 19 of 29 | +13.8% | +8.8% | +38.2% | −24.4% | +23.2% | +13.6% | +24.9% | −5.8% | +12.1% | −1.5% | +0.9% | +5.9% | +33.7% | +43.6% | −14.5% | −5.3% | +30.8% | −36.6% | −19.4% | +30.6% | +29.9% | +20.6% | +31.4% | +5.0% | −18.5% | −35.0% | +84.4% | −6.6% | +0.4% |
| TSLA Tesla, Inc. | 9 of 15 | +11.4% | +62.5% | +102% | −65.0% | +49.8% | +743% | +25.7% | +6.9% | +45.7% | −10.9% | +7.9% | +47.9% | +344% | +18.9% | +6.7% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HMC Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 18 of 29 | +7.7% | −3.8% | +39.8% | −16.6% | +4.0% | +2.9% | +11.0% | −19.8% | +20.2% | −5.8% | +9.5% | −27.3% | +15.8% | +23.9% | −20.8% | +18.5% | +59.8% | −34.4% | −14.4% | +39.2% | +12.5% | +17.0% | +25.6% | −10.8% | +10.9% | −3.0% | +15.2% | −9.2% | +30.7% |
| LEA Lear Corporation | 9 of 16 | +24.9% | −31.2% | +16.4% | −30.7% | +16.2% | +16.9% | +14.4% | −29.3% | +35.2% | +8.9% | +26.4% | +22.2% | +74.7% | +19.3% | −18.5% | +45.9% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| LI Li Auto Inc. | 2 of 5 | −29.4% | −35.9% | +83.5% | −36.4% | +11.3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| APTV Aptiv PLC | 8 of 14 | +25.8% | −32.6% | −3.7% | −43.5% | +26.6% | +37.5% | +55.9% | −27.1% | +57.6% | −20.1% | +19.3% | +22.7% | +59.4% | +77.6% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| VFS VinFast Auto Ltd. | 1 of 4 | −17.1% | −51.8% | −16.3% | +3.2% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| STLA Stellantis N.V. | 9 of 16 | −9.2% | −40.2% | +79.0% | −18.2% | +21.9% | +35.0% | +17.8% | −18.9% | +95.3% | −0.4% | +20.8% | +42.7% | +60.5% | +12.5% | −49.5% | +36.4% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| LCID Lucid Group, Inc. | 1 of 5 | −65.0% | −28.3% | −38.4% | −82.0% | +280% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| NIO NIO Inc. | 1 of 7 | +17.0% | −51.9% | −7.0% | −69.2% | −35.0% | +1,112% | −36.9% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| PSNY Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC | 0 of 4 | −32.2% | −53.5% | −57.4% | −54.6% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| RIVN Rivian Automotive, Inc. | 2 of 4 | +48.2% | −43.3% | +27.3% | −82.2% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| XPEV XPeng Inc. | 2 of 5 | +71.6% | −19.0% | +46.8% | −80.3% | +17.5% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Risk and diversification
How F has fallen, how it held up in crashes beside the S&P 500 and its popular alternatives, and what moves independently of it.
What were F's worst declines?
A drawdown is the decline from a peak to the lowest point before a new high. This section presents F's five deepest drawdowns since it began trading in 1986, alongside the S&P 500's return over the same dates, and how long each took to recover. Together, these figures show how much an investor could have lost and how long it took to get back to even.
- In all three of F's worst declines, the S&P 500 held up better over the same dates.
- Not every decline was the market's doing: F fell 56.6% from January 2022 to April 2025, while the S&P 500 rose 12.0%.
- The slowest recovery came after F fell 95.7% from May 1999 to November 2008; it did not regain that peak until November 2021, 13 years later.
Green means F fell less than the S&P 500 over the same dates. Based on daily closing prices with dividends reinvested.
| During | F fell | S&P 500, same dates | Peak | Low | Time to the low | Back at the peak | Time to recover |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dot-com bust | −95.7% | −30.0% | May 1999 | Nov 2008 | 9.5 years | Nov 2021 | 13 years |
| No named crash | −57.6% | — | Feb 1989 | Dec 1991 | 2.8 years | May 1993 | 17 months |
| 2022 bear market | −56.6% | +12.0% | Jan 2022 | Apr 2025 | 3.3 years | Not yet | — |
| No named crash | −39.0% | — | Aug 1987 | Oct 1987 | 2 months | Feb 1989 | 16 months |
| No named crash | −34.6% | −13.3% | Jul 1998 | Oct 1998 | 3 months | Jan 1999 | 3 months |
How did F do in stock market crashes?
This section measures how far F, the S&P 500 and each alternative fell from peak to trough during every major market crash since 2000. A smaller decline means an investment held up better, and comparing results across crashes shows whether that resilience was consistent or a one-off.
- F fell further than the S&P 500 in nine of the ten crashes it has traded through. The clearest case was the 2022 bear market, when F fell 55.6% and the S&P 500 fell 24.5%.
- Among its popular alternatives, TM held up best, falling less than F in all ten crashes they both traded through.
Newest crash first. Each figure is the fund's deepest fall within the crash window; green means a smaller fall than F.
| Investment | Held up better | 2023 regional bank crisisMar 2023 | 2022 bear marketJan 2022 | Covid crashFeb 2020 | Late-2018 sell-offSep 2018 | February 2018 volatility shockFeb 2018 | 2015 China and oil sell-offAug 2015 | 2011 euro debt crisisJul 2011 | 2010 flash crashMay 2010 | 2008 financial crisisOct 2007 | Dot-com bustMar 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F This pageFord Motor Company | — | −7.3% | −55.6% | −50.0% | −21.1% | −4.5% | −25.7% | −29.6% | −2.4% | −86.3% | −75.5% |
| SPY S&P 500State Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF | 9 of 10 | −3.4% | −24.5% | −33.7% | −19.3% | −6.5% | −12.8% | −17.9% | −1.5% | −55.2% | −47.5% |
| RACE Ferrari N.V. | 3 of 5 | −3.6% | −36.9% | −27.8% | −31.8% | −5.9% | — | — | — | — | — |
| GM General Motors Company | 3 of 7 | −10.1% | −53.0% | −51.8% | −14.9% | −3.9% | −25.5% | −34.4% | — | — | — |
| ALV Autoliv, Inc. | 6 of 10 | −6.0% | −37.0% | −47.6% | −24.7% | −4.7% | −25.0% | −32.7% | −4.0% | −79.8% | −52.3% |
| BWA BorgWarner Inc. | 4 of 10 | −7.4% | −36.2% | −43.6% | −26.3% | −5.5% | −41.3% | −29.7% | −6.3% | −72.1% | −42.2% |
| MGA Magna International Inc. | 5 of 10 | −6.9% | −46.1% | −53.5% | −21.4% | −3.9% | −42.6% | −39.6% | −1.1% | −79.3% | −35.3% |
| TM Toyota Motor Corporation | 10 of 10 | −1.9% | −36.8% | −22.0% | −11.1% | −3.4% | −18.7% | −21.2% | −0.3% | −48.9% | −56.4% |
| TSLA Tesla, Inc. | 3 of 7 | −5.0% | −45.4% | −60.6% | −21.6% | −10.0% | −45.6% | −25.1% | — | — | — |
| HMC Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 7 of 10 | −3.1% | −29.9% | −27.3% | −16.8% | −4.9% | −29.4% | −29.7% | −0.9% | −50.5% | −40.4% |
| LEA Lear Corporation | 5 of 8 | −5.3% | −37.0% | −43.5% | −26.2% | −4.0% | −24.7% | −24.9% | −2.2% | — | — |
| LI Li Auto Inc. | 2 of 2 | −4.1% | −53.4% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| APTV Aptiv PLC | 2 of 6 | −5.7% | −55.1% | −63.2% | −33.4% | −6.0% | −35.7% | — | — | — | — |
| VFS VinFast Auto Ltd. | 2 of 2 | −0.3% | −1.3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| STLA Stellantis N.V. | 2 of 8 | −6.2% | −42.6% | −52.2% | −22.4% | −5.8% | −45.9% | −52.2% | — | −86.9% | — |
| LCID Lucid Group, Inc. | 1 of 2 | −6.0% | −72.5% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| NIO NIO Inc. | 1 of 4 | −7.3% | −59.9% | −46.1% | −31.3% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| PSNY Polestar Automotive Holding UK PLC | 0 of 2 | −11.2% | −61.1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| RIVN Rivian Automotive, Inc. | 0 of 2 | −9.3% | −79.7% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| XPEV XPeng Inc. | 1 of 2 | −3.1% | −81.1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
How closely does F move with the S&P 500?
Upside capture measures how much of the S&P 500's gains an investment kept in the months the market rose, and downside capture how much of its losses it took in the months the market fell. An investment that captures more of the gains than the losses has compounded ahead of the market over time. This section compares F with its popular alternatives on both measures, and on beta (how strongly each has moved with the market), over the past 10 years.
- Eight of the 11 popular alternatives had a higher capture ratio (upside capture divided by downside capture) than F's 0.63, led by RACE, TSLA and TM.
- RACE took just 56% of the S&P 500's losses, against 167% for F, while still keeping 101% of its gains.
- Over the past 10 years, F captured 105% of the S&P 500's gains in rising months and 167% of its losses in falling months, with a beta of 1.51. It amplified the market's moves in both directions.
Monthly total returns over the past 10 years, measured against SPY. 100% capture or a beta of 1.00 means moving in line with the S&P 500. Green marks a better figure than F's: more upside, less downside or a higher capture ratio. Sorted by capture ratio.
| Investment | Upside capture | Downside capture | Capture ratio | Beta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F This pageFord Motor Company | 105% | 167% | 0.63 | 1.51 |
| RACE Ferrari N.V. | 101% | 56% | 1.79 | 0.92 |
| TSLA Tesla, Inc. | 182% | 129% | 1.40 | 1.91 |
| TM Toyota Motor Corporation | 62% | 72% | 0.86 | 0.56 |
| GM General Motors Company | 107% | 135% | 0.79 | 1.31 |
| HMC Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 51% | 71% | 0.71 | 0.62 |
| BWA BorgWarner Inc. | 109% | 157% | 0.70 | 1.31 |
| MGA Magna International Inc. | 110% | 166% | 0.66 | 1.50 |
| ALV Autoliv, Inc. | 109% | 169% | 0.65 | 1.60 |
| STLA Stellantis N.V. | 124% | 215% | 0.58 | 1.61 |
| LEA Lear Corporation | 91% | 165% | 0.55 | 1.40 |
| APTV Aptiv PLC | 106% | 219% | 0.48 | 1.80 |
What diversifies F?
Correlation measures how closely two investments move together, on a scale from 1 (in lockstep) through 0 (unrelated) to -1 (in opposite directions). This section lists large ETFs and stocks whose returns have had a low correlation with F's. Because such investments tend not to fall at the same time, pairing F with them can reduce a portfolio's overall swings.
- Moving a fifth of the money in F into GLD would have cut the portfolio's volatility by 19% over the past 5 years and raised its annual return (+3.0% for F alone, +7.5% for the mix).
- Among large ETFs, LVHI, DXJ and EMLP have moved largely independently of F over the past 5 years, with correlations of 0.48 or lower, and each still earned a positive 5-year return.
- FIX made money in 11 of the 16 calendar years in which F lost money.
Only ETFs with at least $1.0B in assets and stocks worth at least $10B, with a correlation below 0.5 over the past 5 years and a positive return, are included, ranked by Sharpe ratio; funds that hold the same thing are shown once. The year columns are the years in which F lost money. The last two columns show a portfolio that is 80% F and 20% the other investment, rebalanced monthly.
ETFs
| Investment | Correlation | 5Y return | Sharpe | 2024 | 2022 | 2020 | 2018 | 2016 | 2015 | 2011 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 80/20 mix volatility | 80/20 mix annual return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F Ford Motor Company (this page) | 1.00 | −0.3% | 0.20 | −13.1% | −42.2% | −3.9% | −34.4% | −8.0% | −5.4% | −35.9% | −66.0% | −10.2% | −0.3% | −45.2% | −5.9% | −39.0% | −30.1% | −17.7% | −9.2% | 44.9% | +3.0% |
| LVHI InternationalFranklin International Low Volatility High Dividend Index ETF | 0.43 | +119% | 1.48 | +15.9% | +3.8% | −9.0% | −5.2% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36.8% | +7.0% |
| DXJ InternationalWisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund | 0.48 | +225% | 1.34 | +29.8% | +6.0% | +3.9% | −19.8% | +1.1% | +7.7% | −16.1% | −20.8% | −7.4% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.2% | +8.7% |
| EMLP Broad MarketFirst Trust North American Energy Infrastructure Fund | 0.38 | +103% | 1.06 | +33.4% | +10.4% | −13.4% | −8.7% | +29.8% | −25.3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.1% | +6.7% |
| EWP Broad MarketiShares MSCI Spain ETF | 0.37 | +141% | 0.97 | +5.7% | −5.2% | −4.0% | −15.3% | −1.8% | −15.6% | −9.8% | −36.8% | +20.9% | +49.2% | +4.6% | +30.2% | −13.6% | −9.2% | −11.8% | −1.5% | 37.5% | +7.7% |
| XLE EnergyState Street Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF | 0.30 | +178% | 0.94 | +5.6% | +64.4% | −32.7% | −18.2% | +28.0% | −21.5% | +2.8% | −39.0% | +36.8% | +18.0% | +40.1% | +33.8% | −14.8% | −18.2% | +24.4% | +18.1% | 37.8% | +8.3% |
| GLD CommoditiesSPDR Gold Shares | 0.11 | +120% | 0.93 | +26.7% | −0.8% | +24.8% | −1.9% | +8.0% | −10.7% | +9.6% | +4.9% | +30.4% | +22.6% | +17.8% | — | — | — | — | — | 36.5% | +7.5% |
| AMLP EnergyAlerian MLP ETF | 0.37 | +114% | 0.90 | +22.8% | +25.5% | −32.3% | −12.6% | +14.9% | −25.7% | +10.2% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.5% | +7.2% |
| EFV InternationaliShares MSCI EAFE Value ETF | 0.48 | +89.4% | 0.89 | +5.3% | −5.2% | −3.0% | −14.7% | +5.1% | −5.9% | −12.4% | −41.7% | +4.3% | +30.3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.5% | +6.4% |
Stocks
| Investment | Correlation | 5Y return | Sharpe | 2024 | 2022 | 2020 | 2018 | 2016 | 2015 | 2011 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 80/20 mix volatility | 80/20 mix annual return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F Ford Motor Company (this page) | 1.00 | −0.3% | 0.20 | −13.1% | −42.2% | −3.9% | −34.4% | −8.0% | −5.4% | −35.9% | −66.0% | −10.2% | −0.3% | −45.2% | −5.9% | −39.0% | −30.1% | −17.7% | −9.2% | 44.9% | +3.0% |
| CAH Medical - DistributionCardinal Health, Inc. | 0.28 | +471% | 1.54 | +19.0% | +54.1% | +10.1% | −24.5% | −17.5% | +12.6% | +8.1% | −39.6% | −9.8% | −5.8% | +18.7% | −4.7% | −8.3% | −2.5% | +108% | −36.8% | 37.7% | +10.9% |
| CLS Hardware, Equipment & PartsCelestica Inc. | 0.23 | +2,780% | 1.43 | +215% | +1.3% | −2.4% | −16.3% | +7.4% | −6.0% | −24.4% | −20.5% | −25.7% | −26.0% | −25.2% | −6.4% | −65.1% | −25.6% | −2.3% | +350% | 40.2% | +22.6% |
| MCK Medical - DistributionMcKesson Corporation | 0.22 | +397% | 1.41 | +23.7% | +51.8% | +27.1% | −28.4% | −28.3% | −4.5% | +11.8% | −40.4% | +29.7% | −1.2% | +64.9% | −1.4% | −27.2% | +4.9% | +61.2% | −71.3% | 37.4% | +10.4% |
| FIX Engineering & ConstructionComfort Systems USA, Inc. | 0.34 | +1,452% | 1.41 | +107% | +17.0% | +6.7% | +0.8% | +18.3% | +67.7% | −17.0% | −15.2% | +2.1% | +38.9% | +20.1% | +40.0% | −9.4% | +73.7% | −71.1% | −58.7% | 39.9% | +18.7% |
| MPC Oil & Gas Refining & MarketingMarathon Petroleum Corporation | 0.19 | +660% | 1.39 | −4.0% | +86.6% | −27.4% | −8.2% | +0.7% | +17.4% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.7% | +13.0% |
Common questions
What was F's worst drawdown?
F's deepest decline since it began trading in 1986 was 95.7%, from May 1999 to November 2008. It took about 13 years from the low to climb back to its old high.
What were F's best and worst years?
Over 29 full calendar years, F's best year was 2009, when it returned 336%. Its worst was 2008, with a return of -66.0%.
Is there a better investment than F?
Among F's popular alternatives, TM, RACE and GM earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years. TM returned 5.7% a year at 27.0% volatility, against a loss of 0.1% a year at 39.2%. Looking beyond its popular alternatives, DORM (auto parts) and ALSN (auto parts) earned more than F with less volatility over the past 5 years. DORM returned 4.5% a year at 33.8% volatility, against a loss of 0.1% a year at 39.2%.
Is F more volatile than the S&P 500?
Yes. F's volatility over the past 5 years was 39.2%, 2.3 times the S&P 500's 17.2%. Volatility measures how widely returns swing around their average: in roughly two years out of three, F's return lands within 39.2% of its average, either way. The higher it is, the rougher the ride and the harder it is to hold through a slump.
What is F's Sharpe ratio?
F's Sharpe ratio over the past 5 years was 0.20, against 0.78 for the S&P 500, so F earned less for each unit of risk than an index fund did. The Sharpe ratio is the return earned above cash for each unit of volatility: two investments with the same return are not equal if one got there with far bigger swings.
How correlated is F with the S&P 500?
Over the past 5 years, F's monthly returns had a correlation of 0.67 with the S&P 500. Correlation runs from 1 (moving in lockstep) through 0 (unrelated) to −1 (moving in opposite directions). They often move together: some diversification next to an index fund, but not a cushion. In the table, the correlation column measures each option against F instead: the lower it is, the more that option would diversify a F holding.
What are the best alternatives to F?
Of the 18 popular alternatives we compared, six outperformed F in at least 3 of 5 short-term and 2 of 3 long-term timeframes, with dividends reinvested: RACE, GM and ALV.
Did F outperform the S&P 500?
F finished ahead of the S&P 500 (SPY) in eight of 29 full calendar years. In 2025, it returned +42.3%, against +17.7% for the index.
How did F do in stock market crashes?
F fell less than the S&P 500 (SPY) in one of the ten major crashes it has traded through, and further in nine. The clearest case was the 2022 bear market, when F fell 55.6% and the S&P 500 fell 24.5%.
What diversifies F?
These had a low correlation with F over the past 5 years and still earned a positive 5-year return: among large ETFs, LVHI (correlation 0.43), DXJ (correlation 0.48) and EMLP (correlation 0.38); among large stocks, CAH (correlation 0.28), CLS (correlation 0.23) and MCK (correlation 0.22). A correlation near zero means the two have moved largely independently.
How we measure
- Short-term periods are 1M, 3M, 6M, YTD, 1Y; long-term periods are 3Y, 5Y, 10Y. An investment outperformed in a period when its total return, with dividends reinvested, was higher than F's. Returns within 0.5 points or 3% of F's, whichever is larger, count as a tie.
- "Qualified" means outperforming in at least 3 of 5 short-term periods and 2 of 3 long-term periods. "All-weather" means outperforming in every long-term period and all but one short-term period.
- Popular alternatives are the funds and stocks most often compared with this one. We include only those that trade today, are not leveraged or inverse, and hold at least $200 million.
- Volatility is the annualized standard deviation of daily returns over 5 years, a measure of how much the price typically swings in a year. The Sharpe ratio is the return above cash for each unit of that volatility.
- A decline, or drawdown, runs from a peak to the lowest close before the next high. The worst decline ever uses all the price history we have; comparisons between funds use the past 10 years so that younger funds are judged on the same stretch.
- Sector overlap is the share of assets two funds hold in the same sectors. Correlation and the mixed-portfolio figures use monthly returns.
- Upside and downside capture follow Morningstar's definition: the compound monthly return in the months the S&P 500 rose (or fell), divided by the S&P 500's compound return in those months. Beta measures how strongly monthly returns have moved with the S&P 500. All three use the same window for every investment.
- Figures are computed from daily adjusted prices and update after each trading day. Past performance does not predict future results.
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